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A gratuity (also called a tip) is a sum of money customarily tendered, in addition to the basic price, to certain service sector workers for a service performed or anticipated. Depending on the country, it may be customary to tip servers in bars and restaurants, taxi drivers, hair stylists, and so on. Tips and their amount are a matter of social custom and etiquette, and the custom varies between countries and settings. In some locations tipping is discouraged and considered insulting; while in some other locations tipping is expected from customers. The customary amount of a tip can a specific range of monetary amounts or a certain percentage of the bill. In some circumstances, such as with U.S. government workers or more widely with police officers, receiving gratuities (or even offering them) is illegal, as they may be regarded as bribery. A service charge is sometimes added to bills in restaurants and similar establishments. Tipping may not be expected when a fee is explicitly charged for the service. ==Etymology and history== According to the ''Oxford English Dictionary'', the word ''tip'' originated as a slang term, and its etymology is unclear. According to the ''Online Etymology Dictionary'', the meaning "give a small present of money" began around 1600, and the meaning "give a gratuity to" is first attested in 1706. The noun in this sense is from 1755. The term in the sense of "to give a gratuity" first appeared in the 18th century. It derived from an earlier sense of ''tip'', meaning "to give; to hand, pass", which originated in the rogues' cant in the 17th century. This sense may have derived from the 16th-century ''tip'' meaning "to strike or hit smartly but lightly" (which may have derived from the Low German ''tippen'', "to tap") but this derivation is "very uncertain".〔"tip, ''v''.4" ''Oxford English Dictionary''. 2nd ed. 1989. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-861186-2.〕 The word "tip" was first used as a verb in 1707 in George Farquhar's play ''The Beaux' Stratagem''. Farquhar used the term after it had been "...used in criminal circles as a word meant to imply the unnecessary and gratuitous gifting of something somewhat taboo, like a joke, or a sure bet, or illicit money exchanges."〔Hendel, John. "The Case Against Tipping" in ''The Atlantic''. October 1, 2010. http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2010/10/the-case-against-tipping/63913/ Accessed on August 3, 2015.〕 The practice of tipping began in Tudor England.〔THE FOOD ISSUE Why Tip? By PAUL WACHTER. The New York Times. Published: October 9, 2008 http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/12/magazine/12tipping-t.html?hp&_r=0 Accessed on June 6, 2013〕 "By the 17th century, it was expected that overnight guests to private homes would provide sums of money, known as vails, to the host’s servants. Soon afterwards, customers began tipping in London coffeehouses and other commercial establishments."〔 The etymology for the synonym for tipping, "gratuity", dates back either to the 1520s, from "graciousness", from the French ''gratuité'' (14th century) or directly from Medieval Latin ''gratuitas'', "free gift", probably from earlier Latin ''gratuitus'', "free, freely given" . The meaning "money given for favor or services" is first attested in the 1530s.〔 In some languages, the term translates to "drink money" or similar: for example ''pourboire'' in French, ''Trinkgeld'' in German, and ''drikkepenge'' in Danish. This comes from a custom of inviting a servant to drink a glass in honour of the guest, and paying for it, in order for the guests to show generosity among each other. The term ''bibalia'' in Latin was recorded in 1372. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gratuity」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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